Prey Crisis Puts Odisha’s Leopards at Risk Across Similipal-Satkosia Landscape

The research, supported by the Odisha Forest Department, assessed leopard populations and prey abundance across several forest divisions and protected areas within the landscape.

The findings revealed significant variation in leopard density, highlighting the growing ecological challenges faced by the carnivores.

According to the study, Satkosia Tiger Reserve recorded the highest leopard density at 17.9 individuals per 100 square kilometres, followed by Mahanadi with 11.9 individuals.

In contrast, leopard density in Rebana was found to be critically low at just 2.2 individuals per 100 square kilometres.

The report further noted that leopard populations in Kuldiha and Hadagarh have become functionally extinct.

Researchers identified a shortage of medium-sized and large prey species as the primary factor behind the decline.

While smaller prey animals remain relatively abundant, the lack of suitable prey is limiting leopard survival and reproduction in several forest patches.

The study warned that dwindling prey populations may force leopards to move closer to human settlements in search of food, increasing the likelihood of human-wildlife conflict.

Such interactions can pose risks to both local communities and wildlife conservation efforts.

To address the situation, experts have recommended urgent measures including restoration of prey populations, strengthening ecological corridors between forest habitats, and enhancing wildlife monitoring in both protected and non-protected areas.

Conservationists believe that improving habitat connectivity and ensuring an adequate prey base will be crucial to securing the future of leopards across Odisha’s forested landscapes.

Without timely intervention, the report cautions, leopard populations could continue to decline, leading to greater ecological imbalance and escalating conflicts with humans.